IJOST Published Article Details

Abstract This study assessed the effectiveness of regulatory compliance and enforcement mechanisms implemented by the Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB) in the Caraga Region, one of the Philippines’ most mineral-rich areas. Anchored on Environmental Governance Theory and the three-domain model of sustainability, the research evaluated the extent of compliance of mining companies in terms of sustainability of operations, environmental safety, and social responsibility. A quantitative descriptive design was adopted, using total enumeration for MGB employees directly involved in regulatory compliance and purposive sampling for representatives of major mining companies and members of mining-affected communities. Data were gathered through a validated questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics, including weighted means and standard deviations. Results showed that stakeholders perceived mining companies as very compliant across all dimensions, with slightly lower ratings noted in post-extraction rehabilitation and consistent penalty enforcement. These findings highlight the strength of current regulatory mechanisms while identifying areas needing improvement, such as real-time monitoring, digital compliance tools, and deeper community engagement. The study recommends aligning policies with international standards, integrating advanced monitoring systems, and fostering participatory platforms to strengthen governance and promote sustainable resource management in the Caraga Region.